For $2,800, Silvia Alfaro said, a well-known immigration lawyer in Salt Lake City promised that her husband would get a green card and her family a shot at their American dream.

Alfaro, a U.S. citizen, said she told the lawyer, James Hector Alcala, that her husband, Leonel, had lived illegally in this country for 17 years and once was deported. Alcala promised to take care of everything, she recalled, and he said her husband was a good man.

But when, at the lawyer's urging, Leonel Alfaro showed up last April at a federal immigration office in Salt Lake City for an interview for a green card, he was immediately taken into custody. The next day he was on a plane back to Mexico.

“;I felt completely destroyed,”; said Silvia Alfaro, 30. “;I am positive Alcala lied to me and stole from me.”;

On July 28, federal law enforcement and immigration officials gathered in Salt Lake to announce the indictment of Alcala, 41, on charges that since 2005 he had orchestrated a huge immigration fraud operation out of his local law office.

Among other things, they said, he promised American companies thousands of temporary work papers, known as H-2B visas, for employees who were living in this country illegally and therefore not eligible for the documents. At one point, Alcala grew so brazen he used the names of professional Mexican soccer players to apply for the visas, said Jonathan Lines, who oversees investigations in Utah for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE.

Scams involving people who pose as licensed immigration consultants or neighborhood hucksters who seduce illegal immigrants with the lure of easy legal papers have been commonplace for years. But Alcala's case and others like it are different in that they involve actual lawyers, a trend some immigrant rights advocates and lawyers say is occurring more and more often.

“;It has been getting worse,”; said Cheryl Little, executive director of the Florida Immigrant Advocacy Center in Miami. “;Immigrants are easy prey for unscrupulous attorneys, and they are often unwilling and unable to complain because they are likely to be deported if they do.”;

In 2000, the Executive Office for Immigration Review, the Justice Department arm that oversees immigration courts, began disciplining immigration lawyers who ran afoul of the law. Since then, it has suspended or expelled more than 300 such lawyers from practicing in immigration courts. But that has not stopped predatory lawyers from exploiting illegal immigrants and the companies that hire them, most of whom are unfamiliar with the labyrinth of federal immigration laws.

A former president of the American Immigration Lawyers Association, Charles Kuck, who represents some of Alcala's old clients, says shadowy lawyers emerge any time Congress considers taking up an overhaul of immigration laws.

“;Every state has a James Alcala—a man or a woman who has been arrested or indicted, or should be arrested or indicted, for engaging in fraudulent activity,”; Kuck said.

Alcala's lawyer, Susanne Gustin, would not comment. Alcala, who has been released from custody pending trial, which has not been scheduled, did not return phone calls to his law firm. If convicted, he faces up to 10 years in prison.

Court papers in the Alcala case say that the smooth-talking lawyer assured client companies that he could secure the prized H-2B visas for their workers, whom he then instructed to return to Mexico and lie to U.S. consul officials.

In an effort to falsely convince those officials that one illegal immigrant had never been to the United States, Alcala told the man to “;show up wearing huaraches (Mexican sandals) and a sombrero,”; according to the indictment. It charges the lawyer and seven other defendants, including a former Border Patrol agent and a former consul worker, with 17 counts of visa fraud and conspiracy to smuggle aliens into the United States.

The authorities say Alcala obtained at least 5,000 H-2B visas for American companies, most through fraud and forgery. Some companies that hired him—including landscaping, construction and steel businesses—did not know the documents they paid for were gotten illegally, said a spokeswoman for the U.S. attorney in Utah, Brett L. Tolman.

“;There were a lot of people who were getting hurt, who were trying to do things legitimately, but Alcala never explained what would happen to them,”; said Lance Starr, an immigration lawyer who once worked for Alcala, but grew suspicious that the firm was breaking the law. “;He was telling people, 'I can make you legal quickly and easily,' and for them, it was their only hope.”;

Two years ago, the Florida Immigrant Advocacy Center began a public service campaign in Creole and Spanish, warning people of immigration scams, including those perpetrated by lawyers. Recently, Little said she was made aware of widespread H-2B visa rackets in Florida. Other cases involving immigration lawyers accused of fraud have unfolded this year across the United States.

Federal officials are still trying to untangle the cases stemming from Alcala's activities, which they say are complex as they are expansive. And immigration officials are faced with figuring out how to deal with the hundreds, perhaps thousands, of illegal immigrants for whom Alcala got fraudulent documents, and evaluating which workers and companies were complicit.

Other immigration lawyers in Utah may be perpetrating similar scams, said Lines, of ICE. “;We don't want to stop with Alcala,”; he said.

In the wake of the Alcala investigation, scores of illegal immigrants who had paid him for help inundated Salt Lake lawyers with phone calls, fearful that their chances for legal residency in the United States were ruined. The Latin American Chamber of Commerce of Utah has been getting so many inquiries, it has set up a special hot line to deal with them.

A Salt Lake immigration lawyer, Aaron Tarin, said his office was dealing with about five cases per week involving Alcala's former clients. One client is Silvia Alfaro, whom Tarin represents in her efforts to salvage what remains of her husband's case.

“;The biggest harm here is that immigration lawyers have traditionally been the only real bridge between immigrants coming to this country and the American dream,”; Tarin said. “;This case undermines not only that trust, but the system as a whole.”;