Synopsis: The U.S. militarily occupies these islands. The laws of occupation apply.

I ka lā 1 o Pepeluali, 1969, hō'ike a'ela ka Honolulu Star-Bulletin ua mālama 'ia kekahi hālāwai huna i ka 1900 ma ka 'Aha'ōlelo ma Wākinekona no ka lawe 'ana i ka pae'āina nei. Hō'ike 'ia ma ka mo'olelo o ia hālāwai ua maopopo loa i nā luna aupuni 'Amelika he kū 'ole kā lākou hana i ke kānāwai 'oiai 'a'ohe wahi ku'ikahi ho'ohui 'āina me ke Aupuni Mō'ī, akā, ho'omau ka pū'ali koa 'Amelika i ka noho 'ana ma Hawai'i nei. No laila, 'o ke kūlana maoli o 'Amelika ma ka pae'āina nei, he noho koa o ke 'ano.

'A'ole i 'oko'a kēia i ke kūlana noho 'ana o 'Amelika ma Iraq. Ho'ouka kaua ko 'Amelika pū'ali koa i ke aupuni o Iraq ma ka 2003, a laila, ho'omau ka noho 'ana o nā pū'ali koa i laila. Pēia nō ka hana ma Hawai'i nei i ka makahiki 1893 a hiki i kēia lā.

Ma lalo o ke kānāwai kau ma luna o nā 'āina like 'ole, inā ho'ouka kaua kekahi 'āina i kekahi 'āina a ho'omau i ka noho 'ana me ka 'ole o ke ku'ikahi, he noho koa o ke 'ano. Na nā 'ōlelo ho'oholo a ka 'Aha Ho'okolokolo o ke Ao o Hague me Geneva e ho'omalu i ia 'ano kūlana noho 'ana. 'O nā kānāwai o ka 'āina nāna e noho koa kekahi ke ho'omalu i nā hana a ko ia 'āina.

He mau kānāwai nō ko 'Amelika pili i ka noho koa 'ana ma ka 'āina 'ē a hilina'i pū 'Amelika i nā hō'ike o Hague me Geneva. Ma lalo o nā kānāwai o nā 'āina like 'ole, pono ka 'āina e noho koa ana e ho'okō i nā kānāwai kūloko o ka 'āina i noho koa 'ia a pa'i i ke kālā o ia aupuni. Ma Iraq, ho'okō nō nā pū'ali koa 'Amelika i nā kānāwai kūloko a pa'i pū i ke kālā o ia aupuni, akā, ma Hawai'i nei, 'a'ole pēlā.

He kū 'ole i ke kānāwai ka ho'okō 'ana i nā kānāwai o kekahi aupuni 'ē ma loko o nā palena o kekahi aupuni 'ē aku. A no laila, 'o ka hana kūpono i ka wā e noho koa 'ia nei ka pae'āina nei e ko 'Amelika, 'o ia ka ho'okō 'ana i nā kānāwai o ke Aupuni Mō'ī me ke pa'i pū i ke kālā o kēia aupuni. Na ko ke aupuni noho koa e ho'okō i kēia, no laila, na ko 'Amelika kēia hana e pono ai ka noho koa 'ana i kēia pae'āina.

Eia hou, ma ka palapala i kapa 'ia 'o U.S. Army Field Manual hō'ike 'ia 'a'ohe wahi ho'oili 'ana o ka mana o ke aupuni o ka 'āina i noho koa 'ia ma luna o ke aupuni noho koa i ka wā o ka noho koa 'ana. No laila, 'o ka hana pono a nā pū'ali koa o 'Amelika ma Hawai'i nei, 'o ia ka ho'okō 'ana i nā kānāwai o ke Aupuni Mō'ī a pa'i i ke kālā o ke Aupuni Mō'ī. Inā ho'okō 'ia nā kānāwai kūloko o ke Aupuni nei, ho'opihapiha hou 'ia nā kūlana luna aupuni a pau o ke Aupuni Mō'ī me nā po'e kupa o ka 'āina i hiki i ke Aupuni Mō'ī ke ho'oholo iā ia iho mai kēia wā aku a hala ka wā e ha'alele mai ai ka mana noho koa i kēia pae'āina. He hana kēia e ho'opau ai i ka noho koa 'ana.

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E ho'ouna 'ia mai nā leka iā māua, 'o ia ho'i 'o Laiana Wong a me Kekeha Solis ma ka pahu leka uila ma lalo nei:

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a i ‘ole ia, ma ke kelepona:
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This column is coordinated by the Hawaiian Language Department at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, supported by the Initiative for Achieving Native Hawaiian Academic Excellence.