Little big firms
What qualifies as a small business?
The nation's largest phone company
and its largest fruit vendor, if you
ask the federal government
They are among America's larger companies: Verizon Communications, AT&T Wireless, Barnes & Noble booksellers and Dole Food Co. But in the government's contractor database they are listed as small businesses.
The mistaken designations, contained in records obtained by The Associated Press, mean the government has overstated the contract dollars that are going to small business at a time when the Bush administration has been pressing to give smaller firms as much federal work as possible.
Dole Food Co.
Employees: 33,000
2002 sales: $4.4 billion
2002 net income: $36.3 million
Federal designation: Small business
Verizon
Employees: 229,500
2002 sales: $67.6 billion
2002 net income: $4.1 billion
Federal designation: Small business
AT&T Wireless
Employees: 31,000
2002 sales: $15.6 billion
2002 net loss: $2.3 billion
Federal designation: Small business
"The numbers are inflated, we just don't know the extent," said David Drabkin, senior procurement officer for the General Services Administration.
Drabkin, whose agency maintains the records entered by contracting officials across the government, said the GSA is working to ensure accurate entries in the future but past errors are "not something we can clean up overnight."
Once a company's status is mischaracterized, it stays that way through the life of a contract -- which can be 20 years. That means smaller firms the administration intended to help may be frozen out from fresh business by the bigger companies with the incorrect designations.
"This transition has led to the apparent diversion of contract dollars intended for small business," said Sue Hensley, a spokeswoman for the U.S. Small Business Administration.
One small businessman who is pushing to have the listings corrected says workers are paying in lost jobs.
"Most Americans work for small businesses and most of all the new jobs are created by small businesses. This certainly has a dramatic impact on job creation," said Lloyd Chapman, who formed the California-based Microcomputer Industry Suppliers Association.
The government defines a small business as one that is independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its field.
Size standards change from one industry to another, based on either the number of employees or revenues.
Among the contractors designated as small businesses in the records obtained by the AP were:
>> Verizon, the largest local phone company in the nation, and Verizon Wireless, the company's joint venture that is the largest U.S. wireless provider.The Bush administration has set a goal of providing small business with 23 percent of all federal contracts, but has fallen about 3 percentage points short after awarding $53 billion to small companies.>> Barnes & Noble, the top U.S. bookseller, with superstores in 49 states and the District of Columbia, plus mall stores under different names.
>> AT&T Wireless, the cellular phone spinoff from AT&T.
>> Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, which includes Sheraton, St. Regis and Westin hotels.
>> Dole Food Co. Inc., the world's largest producer of fresh fruits and vegetables.
>> Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade, one of the top U.S. transportation engineering firms with projects around the world.
>> KBR, a Halliburton subsidiary formerly known as Kellogg, Brown & Root. KBR is one of the world's largest providers of oil field services and part of the company Vice President Dick Cheney ran before taking office in 2001.
Officials now acknowledge that the percentage was inflated by the erroneous database entries and that the true amount of federal business that went to small firms was smaller.
Investigators from Congress' General Accounting Office found no evidence that large companies had tried to manipulate the designations found in the database.
Rather, they blamed the mistakes on federal contracting officials who either entered wrong codes for business size or re-entered outdated information.
Large companies said they never intended to be listed as small businesses.
"We work with a variety of small businesses in going after federal business. We hope that businesses are properly categorized in accordance with federal regulations," said Kevin Irland, a spokesman for Verizon.
Big time
Some of the large companies that were incorrectly entered as small businesses in the government's contractor database:>> Verizon, the largest local phone company in the nation, and Verizon Wireless, the company's joint venture that is the largest U.S. wireless provider.
>> Hertz Equipment Rental, one of the largest suppliers of rented and leased heavy equipment in the world, part of the world's leading rental car company.
>> Time Warner Entertainment, a now-disbanded part of the AOL-Time Warner publishing and Internet empire.
>> Barnes & Noble, the top U.S. bookseller with superstores in 49 states and the District of Columbia, plus mall stores under different names.
>> AT&T Wireless, the giant spinoff from AT&T.
>> Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, which includes Sheraton, St. Regis and Westin hotels.
>> Dole Food Co., the world's largest producer of fresh fruits and vegetables.
>> Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade, one of the top U.S. transportation engineering firms with projects around the world.
>> KBR, a Halliburton subsidiary formerly known as Kellogg, Brown & Root, one of the world's largest providers of oil field services.
